Conditional sentences

If clause Main clause If + simple present simple present If this thing happens that thing happens. If you heat ice it melts. If it rains the grass gets wet.
THE ZERO CONDITIONAL

1 If I see him, I (give) him a lift. 2 The table will break if you (sit) on it. 3 If he (eat) all that, he will be ill. 4 If I find your passport, I (telephone) you. 5 The police (arrest) him, if they catch him. 6 If he (read) in bad light, he will ruin his eyes. 7 Someone (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked.
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.

If clause Main clause If + simple present simple future If this thing happens that thing will happen.
TYPE 1 CONDITIONAL

1. If she ……………….. (invite) me, I ………………. (go) 2. If it ……………………. (rain), we …………………… (cancel) the match. 3. If I ……………….. (get) a promotion, I ………………… (buy) a car. 4. If she ………………. (be late), we …………………. (go) without her. 5. If you ………………. (ask) more politely, I ………………… (buy) you a drink.

f clause Main clause
If + simple past present conditional or present continuous conditional
If this thing happened that thing would happen. (but I"m not sure this thing will happen) ORthat thing would be happening.
If you went to bed earlier you would not be so tired.
If it rained you would get wet.
If I spoke Italian I would be working in Italy.
TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL

If Oliver (to find) money, he (not/to keep) it. If they (not/to wear) pullovers in the mountains, it (to be) too cold during the night. If Tony (to know) her phone number, he (not/to give) it to Frank.

If clause Main clause
If + past perfect perfect conditional or perfect continuous conditional
If this thing had happened that thing would have happened. (but neither of those things really happened) ORthat thing would have been happening.
If you had studied harder you would have passed the exam.
If it had rained you would have gotten wet.
If I had accepted that promotion I would have been working in Milan.
TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL

1. If you a taxi, you would have caught the train. (take) 2. I would have come if I nothing to do. (have) 3. The pupils the bus if they hadn´t left early. (miss) 4. If the friends to the cafe, they would have eaten pizzas. (go) 5. If I enough money, I would have bought that mobile. (have)
Fill in the correct form of the verb.

Once upon a time the cat bit the mouse"s tail off. “Give me back my tail,” said the mouse. And the cat said, “Well, I (give) you back your tail if you fetched me some milk. But that"s impossible to do for a little mouse like you.” 2. The mouse, however, went to the cow. “The cat (give/only) me back my tail if I fetch her some milk.”
Exercise: “The Cat and the Mouse” – Complete the conditional sentences (type I or II)

Type 0 (general truths) They are used to express something which is always true. We can use WHEN instead of IF. If-clause: Present simple Main clause: If/When it SNOWS, the roads GET slippery and dangerous.

Type 1 (real present) They are used to express real or very probable situations in the present or future. They are also used to give instructions. If-clause: present simple Main clause: future, If they WORK hard, they WILL FINISH the project on time. If they FINISH the project, CALL me. If they WORK hard, they MAY FINISH the project by next Friday.

Type 2 (unreal present) They are used to express imaginary situations which are contrary to facts in the present and, therefore, are unlikely to happen in the present or future. They are also used to give advice. If I DIDN’T HAVE to work so much, I WOULDN’T BE so tired. If-clause: Past simple Main clause: If the weather WERE better, we COULD / MIGHT HAVE a picnic.

Type 3 (unreal past) They are used to express situations which are contrary to facts in the past. They are also used to express regrets or criticism. If-clause: Past perfect Main clause: If he HAD BEEN more careful, he WOULDN’T HAVE MADE such a big mistake. If you HADN’T HAD a lot of luck, you COULD/MIGHT HAVE LOST all your money.

MIXED CONDITIONALS Type 2 – Type 3 We can form mixed conditionals, if the context permits it, by combining an if-clause from one type with a main clause from another. The most common types are: If you WERE more sensible, you WOULDN’T HAVE SPOKEN to your parents like that. Type 3 – Type 2 If he HADN’T STOLEN all that money, he WOULDN’T BE in prison now.

OTHER WAYS OF SAYING “IF”
EXAMPLES AS LONG AS We’ll go up to the mountains this weekend AS LONG AS the weather is OK. PROVIDED/PROVIDING (THAT) You can have a pet PROVIDED/PROVIDING THAT you look after it properly. ON CONDITION (THAT) You can have a pet ON CONDITION THAT you look after it properly. SUPPOSE/SUPPOSING SUPPOSE/SUPPOSING the price of oil tripled tomorrow, what would happen? BUT FOR + noun BUT FOR your help, I wouldn’t have done it. OTHERWISE You should have your air conditioned serviced. OTHERWISE, you will waste a lot of energy. UNLESS UNLESS governments act now, the environment will suffer. IN CASE IN CASE OF + noun Take a coat with you IN CASE the weather gets worse. IN CASE OF fire, leave the building immediately.

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1st Conditional1. Используем, когда говорим о возможных событиях в БУДУЩЕМ, которые зависят от других будущих событий:

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1st Conditional2. Также используется, когда мы хотим дать совет, приказание выдвинуть предложение:

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unless -1 если не; пока не-2 кроме, исключая, за исключениемИногда в Zero и 1st conditional используется Unless + present simple когда мы говорим о событиях, которые могут случиться, если только кто-то этому не помешает.

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2nd Conditional1. используется, когда мы говорим о выдуманных, нереальных или маловероятных событиях В БУДУЮЩЕМ:

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2nd Conditional2. используется, когда мы говорим о нереальных или невозможных событиях В настоящем:

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3rd Conditional1. используется, когда мы говорим о нереальных ситуациях В ПРОШЛОМ: мы выдумываем вещи, которые не случились на самом деле.

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Нулевой тип условных. Раскройте скобкиIf you (to love) nature you never (to throw) litter outdoors.If I (to get up) late I usually (to have) a headache. If you (not to eat) long you (to get) weak. If you (to boil) ice it (to melt) and (to turn) into water.When you (to speak) your vocal chords (to vibrate).When a storm (to begin) people (to shelter) in their homes.

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Первый тип условных. Раскройте скобкиIf we (to walk) to the park we (to feed) some birds there.If they (to go) to the disco they (to listen) to loud music. If I (to go) to the theatre I (to watch) an interesting play.If you (to study) hard you (to pass) this exam. If you (to wear) these trousers you (to look) a bit strange. If you (to play) this composition your guests (be pleased).If David (to forget) his umbrella I (to give) him mine. If the sun (to shine) all day we (to go) to the beach. If he (to have) a temperature he (to see) the doctor.

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Второй тип условных. Раскройте скобкиIf I (to see) Mary, I would (to be) really glad to meet her. If Rachael (to be) rich, she (to study) at a foreign college. If it (to snow) now, it (to be) really difficult to get to the country for us.surprised? If somebody (to rob) your house, what (to do) you?If I ever (to get) married, I (to do) it only of love.If I (to have) enough money, I (buy) a country cottage.

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Третий тип условных. Раскройте скобкиIf he (to study) harder, he (to pass) his test better then.If we (to begin) the work earlier, we (to have) more time.Lena (to buy) the milk if she (forget) about it.They (not to get) into that accident if Jim (not to drive) so fast.The dogs(to get out) if the door (to be) locked.If Jenny (to ask) me about the matter I (to answer) all her questions. I (to call) the police if I (to see) those robbers again.

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Определите тип условного предложенияIf I were you I would tell him about their plan.If he had come yesterday we would have met him.If this story were not interesting I wouldn`t read it!If we had come a minute later, we would not have seen the matter.If it rains hard for a long time water runs along the streets.If I have some free time I will call on you.

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Conditional Sentences

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Unit 6 2º Bachillerato

Structure: A conditional sentence is composed of 2 parts: If-clause + Main Clause Example: If it rains tomorrow, we will not come. If-clause Main Clause

Types: The order of the two clauses is flexible, it’s not important. But if the if-clause comes first, it must be followed by a comma. If it rains, I’ll stay at home There are 4 types of conditional sentences. They are classified according to the degree of probability that they express. Each type of conditional sentences uses different tenses to show the difference in the degree of probability.

Zero Conditional: If /when + present tense ….. / modal Water boils if it reaches 100º First Conditional: If/unless + present,….. Future If I study, I’ll pass Second Conditional: If + past, ……would +inf. If I studied, I would pass Third Conditional: If + past perfect ….. would have + pp If I had studied, I would have passed

Tense: Present tense in both clauses Example: Present Tense Present Tense If you heat water to 100°C, it boils. If you pour oil into water, it floats.

Use: Talk about universal truth. If you heat ice, it turns to water To give commands If you aretired, go to bed! In this case the verb in the main clause is an Imperative

Tense: If-clause ~ Present Tense Main Clause ~ Future Tense Present Tense Future Tense If I feel sick tomorrow, I will not go to school. If it rains, the match will be cancelled.

Use: To speak about possible or probable future events. If the weather is as sunny tomorrow as it was today, we will go surfing. To make promises or warnings If you forget my birthday, I’ll never speak to you again. Unless is used in negative conditionals Unless we recycle more, we won’t have a better world.

Do not come If you ___________________ (not come), You ________________ (miss) the show. will miss will buy John __________________ (buy)a car if he _____________ (get) a job. gets will get Mary ________________(get) a toothache if she_________________ (eat) too many sweets. eats

If-clause ~ Past Tense Main Clause ~ would + an infinitive Tense: Example: Past Tense Would + infinitive If he were a bird, he would fly across the harbour. If I had $200,000 now, I would buy a car.

Were is often used instead of was in the 1st and 3rd person singular Second Conditionals Use: To speak about present and future situations which are unlikely to happen. If I had any money I would lend it to you. If I were you I wouldn"t do this.

If-clause ~ Past Perfect Tense Main Clause ~ Would Have + Past Participle Tense: Past Perfect Tense Would have+ Past Participle If I had had enough money, I would have bought the camera yesterday. If I had come home earlier, I would not havemissed the programme.

Use: To speak about impossible past events If they’d gone by bus, they would have arrived much later. (They didn’t go by bus) He would have travelled around the world if he had hadmore money. (Impossible to change, because he didn’t have the money)

Were If I ________________ (be) four years old, I ________________ (learn) to play the piano. would learn had not failed If I ________________ (not fail) in the examination, my mother_______________ (buy) me a new computer. would have bought would have finished 3. We ________________________ (finish) if we ________________ (have) better preparation. had had

Other connectors: Type 1: UNLESS If you don’t phone John, he’ll get very angry. Unless you phone John, he’ll get very angry. Unless can replace If in negative conditionals

Other connectors: PROVIDED / PROVIDING (THAT)/ WITH THE CONDITION THAT/ AS LONG AS You can stay with the condition that you sleep on the couch. I will go to the party as long as you go there too IMAGINE / SUPPOSE /SUPPOSING THAT Imagine that you won a million pounds, what would you do?

Other connectors: EVEN IF I won’t go to the party even if they beg me IN CASE Take an umbrella in case it rains

Conditional Sentences Variations: Type 1, 2 and 3: If we are not careful, many species may become extinct. If I were an aeroplane, I could fly in the sky. If she hadn’t worn her helmet, she might have been seriously injured.

Identifying conditionals I. Choose the correct answer. 1 - If I drink tea in the morning, it makes me feel sick. Zero Conditional First Conditional Second Conditional Third Conditional 

2 - I"ll tell her if she comes. Zero Conditional First Conditional Second Conditional Third Conditional  3 - If I were you, I"d buy it as soon as possible. Zero Conditional First Conditional Second Conditional Third Conditional 

4 - If I had the time, I’d help you Zero Conditional First Conditional Second Conditional Third Conditional  5 – I would have done things differently if I had been the manager. Zero Conditional First Conditional Second Conditional Third Conditional 

6 - If you work hard enough, you may well pass. Zero Conditional First Conditional Second Conditional Third Conditional  7 – Water boils if you heat it to a hundred degrees celsius. Zero Conditional First Conditional Second Conditional Third Conditional 

8 - I would be surprised if it rained. Zero Conditional First Conditional Second Conditional Third Conditional  9 – If she"d tried harder, she might have succeeded. Zero Conditional First Conditional Second Conditional Third Conditional 

II. Choose the correct answer. 1 - If I ...... you, I would tell him straightaway were am  2 - If you ...... yellow and blue, you get green will mix mix  3 - If I .........., I would never have done it knew had known  4 - Unless you ....... drinking, you"ll have serious health problems. stop will stop 

5 - I ......... there if I"d known about it would never have gone would never go  6 - If you see him, ......... him to call me? will you ask would you have asked  7 - If I ........., I"d have done it myself were there had been there  8 - What would you do if the police ......... you? arrested had arrested 

Finish these sentences using the correct verbal tense. If they had listened, they.............................. (understand) If he hadn’t worn the helmet, he.......................... (Be) injured. If he........................... (Speak) clearly, people would understand him. If we miss this train, we.................................. (Be) late for the interview. The bank............................................. (not / call) if we pay the bill. If you................................... (meet) Tom, you wouldn’t like him. If I found 100 in the street, I …………………….......... (Keep) it. If I ……………... (Know) her number, I would phone her. If he gets late, I ………….. (be) angry. I …………………….. (Not/buy) that coat if I were you.. If I ……………….. (Know) that you were ill last week, I"d have gone to see you. If it stops raining, we …………………. (Go) on a trip. would have understood Would have been spoke Will be Won’t call met Would keep knew Will be won’t buy had known will go

Choose the correct answer 1 If Teresa………more sensible, she wouldn’t get into trouble so often. a) will be b) were c) had been 2 ……… me some ice cream if you go to the supermarket. a) Got b) Get c) Have got 3 If I……...late, will you wait for me? a) be b) am c) will be 4 If Vanessa had……..me the truth, I would not have been so angry. a) told b) tells c) tell 5 If you listen to her, you’ll………in trouble. a) been b) being c) be 6 If you had listen to her, you……….have been in trouble. a) shouldn’t b) wouldn’t c) couldn’t 7 Nobody would……the secret if Danny hadn’t revealed it. a) have known b) knew c) known 8 Will you be all right by yourself if I………. out tonight? a) go b) will go c) would go 9 If I knew how to run my own business, I………..a rich man. a) am b) will be c) would be 10 If anyone………., say I’ll be back about 7.30. a) will phone b) phone c) phones B B B A C B A A C C

We use wishand if only +past simple/continuous or could when we want a situation or thing in the present to be different or to change. The time of the action referred to in the subordinate clause is the same as the time of making the wish. He wishes that he were rich. I wish I didn’t have to leave. I wish he was waiting for me. I wish I could help you.

We use wish + wouldto complain about a thing or a situation. She wishes that you would come to the meeting tomorrow. I wish you wouldn’t be so rude. I wish my mother would let me go out till late. Shewishes her child would sleep all night long.

We use wish / if only + past perfect / continuous or could have + p.p.to express a wish about the past They wish that they had studied harder when they were young. (they didn’t study) I wish I hadn’t failed the exam (I failed the exam)

Pay attention to the underlined adverbs indicating time. Complete each of the following sentences with the correct form of the verb shown in brackets. 1. I wish he here now. (to be) 2. I wish that you here yesterday. (to be) 3. We wish you tomorrow. (to come) 4. You will wish you earlier. (to leave) 5. They wished he with them the next day. (to come) 6. We wish you yesterday. (to arrive) were Had been Would come Would come Would come Had arrived

7. I wish that he us next year. (to visit) 8. She wishes that she at home now. (to be) 9. You wish that he you last week. (to help) Would visit were had helped were 10. He will always wish he ____________ rich. (to be) 11. The boy wished that he ____________ the competition the next day. (to win) 12. She will wish she _____________ the arrangements earlier. (to make) 13. I wish the weather ____________ warmer now. (to be) 14. We always wished we ____________ fluent in other languages. (to be) 15. They wish he ________________ them next week. (to telephone) Would win Had made were were Would telephone

Choose the correct option 1.-Meg would do better at French if she worked harder. a. Meg will never succeed at French. b. Meg is very good at French. c. Meg usually works well at French. d. Meg doesn"t work hard enough. D 2.-If the plane hadn"t been delayed by bad weather, we wouldn"t have been late a. Although the plane was late, we were on time b. The weather made us late. c. The bad weather did not interfere with the plane"s arrival. d. We were not late although the weather was bad. B

3. If you ask someone the way, you"ll find the Modern Museum of Art easily. a. Most people can tell you where the Modern Museum of Art is. b. It is very difficult to find the Modern Museum of Art, even if you ask how to get there. c. Did you find the Modern Museum of Art when you wanted to go there? d. Did you ask someone the way to the Modern Museum of Art? A 4. If I were you, I’d get a job. a. I think you should get a job. b. I need a job. c. I had a good job, but I left it. d. You are going to get a job soon. A

5. The doctor said that if Mrs Allen went on a diet, she would lose weight. a. Mrs Allen does not need to be careful with what she eats. b. Mrs Allen has always been careful with what she eats. . c. Mrs Allen should eat more. d. Mrs Allen should eat less. D 6. Jessica would have passed the exam even if I hadn"t helped her. a. Jessica passed the exam without help. b. Jessica failed because no one helped her. c. Without my help, Jessica would not have passed. d. Jessica didn"t really need any help at all. Note:For more practice click: if clauses, Conditional sentences - Grammar Exercises - Learning English D

What would you do in these situations You are alone in the forest at night without a phone. You met the genie. If I met the genie, I would ask him for my three wishes. If I were alone in the forest I would try to use the stars.

What would you do in these situations One day you read in a newspaper an article about you. The article was telling about your private life. Your favourite singer wrote a song for you. If I read an article about my private life, I’d look for a lawyer. If my fauvorite singer wrote a song for me, I’d be excited.

Write what would have happened if…. If he hadn’t gone to the park,….. he wouldn’t have met a girl. he wouldn’t have got married and wouldn’t have had three children. If he hadn’t met the girl…..

Therefore …. If he hadn’t gone to the party,….. he wouldn’t have got married.

Note: For more practice use your student’s Multi-ROM 2, Grammar section, Conditional Clauses exercises. Or you can also click: http://www.isabelperez.com/conditionals1.htm http://www.miguelmllop.com/practice/intermediate/grammar/conditionals8.htm http://www.better-english.com/grammar/condit23.htm http://www.miguelmllop.com/practice/intermediate/grammar/conditionals7.htm http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/type-1/exercises?02 http://www.geocities.com/athens/olympus/7583/condprac1.html http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/if-clauses.html

Conditionals Условные предложения

Как только вы начали предложение со слова IF, вы должны проделать две мыслительные операции: 1. определить, реальное условие или нереальное ­ есть в предложении слово "бы" или нет 2. определить, к какому времени по смыслу (настоящему, будущему или прошедшему) относится ваше предложение.

Если долго пытаться сделать одно и то же, рано или поздно все получается. Если ты не придешь завтра, я тоже не приду. Если бы у меня не было мобильного телефона, жизнь была бы трудной. Если бы я пришел на пять минут позже, я бы опоздал на поезд. Если в конце марта дожди, то лето бывает холодное. телефона. Я позвоню тебе, если ты оставишь мне свой номер Если бы я был на твоем месте, я бы срочно купил себе новую машину

Типы условных предложений 0. Zero conditional (нулевой тип условия) I. First conditional (первый тип условия) II. Second conditional (второй тип условия) III.Third conditional (третий тип условия) . Wishes

Zero conditional If I miss the 8 o"clock bus, I am late for work. If people don"t eat, they get hungry. My boss gets angry if I am late for work. Does ice melt if you heat it? If/when + Present Simple, Present Simple.

First conditional If I have free time, I will come. Если у меня будет время ­ я приду. 1. ВРЕМЯ ­ Future (ставлю условие, касающееся будущего) Условие РЕАЛЬНОЕ. 2. If + Present Simple, Future Simple.

Second conditional If I had free time, I would come. Если бы у меня было время ­ я бы пришёл. 1. ВРЕМЯ ­ Future (ставлю условие, касающееся будущего) НО! 2. Условие НЕРЕАЛЬНОЕ.("БЫ") If + Past Simple , would/could/might + Infinitive

СУММИРУЕМ: I и II conditionals относятся к одному времени ­ FUTURE, но I ­ реальное условие – Present Simple + “will “ II ­ нереальное условие Past Simple +"would"

Сравним: If I become the president, I will increase salaries. Если я стану президентом, я увеличу зарплаты. Говорит официальный кандидат в президенты. Для него существует РЕАЛЬНАЯ вероятность стать президентом. If I became the president, I would increase salaries. Если бы я стал президентом, я бы увеличил зарплаты. Говорит обычный человек. Для него вероятность стать президентом ­ НЕРЕАЛЬНАЯ.

Third conditional If I had had free time, I would have come. Если бы у меня (ВЧЕРА!) было время ­ я бы пришёл. 1. ВРЕМЯ ­ Past (если бы что­то ПРОИЗОШЛО) 2. Условие НЕРЕАЛЬНОЕ (то что­то бы СЛУЧИЛОСЬ) If + Past Perfect, would/could/might + have+V3

Тип усло­ вия "БЫ"? Значение, время Формула Речь идет о настоящем, о чем­то, что верно всегда. Ситуация реальна или возможна в настоящем или будущем Нереальное, трудновыполнимое условие в настоящем или будущем. Ситуация нереальна – речь идет о прошлом нет нет да да 0 1 2 3 Present Simple If/when + Present Simple If you drop an egg, If + Present Simple Future Simple it breaks. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go. If + Past Simple If it didn’t rain, If + Past Perfect If it hadn’t rained yesterday, would/could/might + Infinitive We should/could go out. would/could/might + have+V3 We should have gone out.

Wishes Verb form +Past Simple/Past Progressive +Past Perfect I wish +would+Infinitive I wish I were at sea now. Как бы мне хотелось сейчас быть на море. I wish I had bought that nice dress. Жаль, что я не купила то красивое платье. I wish he would come to the party tomorrow. Как бы мне хотелось, чтобы он пришел на вечеринку завтра. Cожаление о чем­ то, что совсем не такое, как нам хотелось бы. (относится к настоящему) Сожаление о чем­ то в прошлом Мы хотим, чтобы что­то случилось или изменилось. Обычно говорящий не ожидает, что это произойдет.

Conditionals Quiz What would you do if it (rain) on your wedding day? 1. If she comes, I (call) you. What would you do if it rained on your wedding day? 2. If she comes, I will call you. 3. What will you do if you (fail) the history exam? What will you do if you fail the history exam? 4. If they had not (take) the car, I would have driven you. If they had not taken the car, I would have driven you.

If it snows, (will) you still drive to the coast? 5. If it snows, will you still drive to the coast? 6. He would have (go) with you if you had asked him. He would have gone with you if you had asked him. If I won a million dollars, I (buy) my own airplane. 7. If I won a million dollars, I would buy my own airplane. 8. If I forget her birthday, Andrea gets upset. 9. Jacob will pick you up at school if it (rain) . Jacob will pick you up at school if it rains . If I forget her birthday, Andrea (get) upset.